Everyday there are new ways of helping our bodies deal with infections and other problems. Herbal remedies for various conditions are constantly being discovered. Used appropriately, herbal remedies, such as slippery elm bark extract, can speed up the process of our bodies healing themselves and fighting off harmful free radicals.

The slippery elm herb comes from the bark of elm trees which grow throughout North America. The tree has been utilized in a number of ways, including canoe making, as a food preservative, as a source of survival food during the Revolutionary War and as a medicine. The inner bark of the slippery elm tree is a strong and durable fiber, which can be spun into thread, twine or rope. It was once used for bowstrings, ropes, jewelry, clothing, snowshoe bindings, woven mats, and even in some musical instruments.

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Before the Industrial Age, spices were a commodity more valuable than gold. Over the centuries, wars have been fought over them; even a substance as simple as salt contributed to the downfall of the British Empire’s power in what is today India and Pakistan. In ancient times, Roman soldiers were paid with salt; this was called their salarium, or “salt allowance,” from which our modern English word salary is derived.

The fact is that many of the roots, herbs, leaves and other substances that are used as seasonings in cooking also have beneficial health effects. This in fact is one of the primary differences between herbal medicine and mainstream medicine; whereas the latter seeks cures for disease, herbalists seek to prevent disease from developing in the first place.

You may be surprised at the many spices used as seasonings for food are also therapeutic! Today, we’ll discuss just a few of these tasty spices that do double duty as medicinal herbs.

Alliuim Sativum

You probably know this one better as garlic. While some people shy away from it because of its strong odor and the danger of (oh, horrors!) garlic breath, the fact is that garlic is almost as basic as salt and pepper. It is a central ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle-Eastern cuisine as well as that of India, Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan. Garlic is a primary ingredient in several native African cuisines, including African Peanut and Chicken Stew. Roasted garlic is extensively in Mexican dishes such as tomato and chile salsa and guacamole. Wild garlic is even used in the national dish of Scotland, haggis!

Garlic has been scientifically proven to work as an antibiotic, helping the body to fight infection1. It is believed to aid circulation and promote cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure, however scientific studies on this are as of yet inconclusive.

The Mint Family

Mints include herbs used to flavor desserts and drinks as well as savory dishes; on the sweet side, peppermint and spearmint are a common ingredient in iced teas and candy as well as chewing gum and other desserts. Other mints include oregano and basil, which are staples of Italian and Greek cooking.

As medicinal herbs, members of the mint family are among the oldest, having been used for treating illness as long as 10,000 years ago. Traditionally, mints – particularly peppermint – are used to treat gastro-intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. An Italian medical study published last year showed that a majority of such patients experienced relief from such symptoms when treated with peppermint oils.

Another interesting aspect of mints in general and peppermint in particular is that their essential oils act as an insect repellent, making them an environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Licorice

This is actually a legume, related to peas and beans. The dried licorice root is a popular flavoring in candy, tea, gum and sasparilla (known today as “root beer”) and is a main ingredient in the Greek liqueur ouzo. Licorice is traditionally used as an expectorant, and may help in the treatment of peptic ulcers. The boiled root is an ingredient in some Chinese dishes and is chewed in Mediterranean countries as a breath freshener.

Cinnamon

This is the ground bark of a species of laurel native to South Asia. In Western kitchens, it is most often used to flavor sweet pastries and quickbreads, but in Greek, Middle Eastern and Persian cuisine, it is often used in savory dishes as well. Cinnamon is an excellent breath freshener; in addition, some Russian studies suggest that it may be useful in treating Type II diabetes and insulin resistance.

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1. Nicole Johnston “Garlic: A Natural Antibiotic”. Modern Drug Discovery, April 2002.

2. Cappello, G.; et al. “Peppermint oil In The Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.” Digestive and Liver Disease, 2007.

If you have been into a quality bar lately, you might have noticed a series of glass jars with an amber liquid in them.  These jars are often filled with tinctures of different concentrated flavors of herbs and spices that the bartender will use to flavor drinks.  Tinctures are also used for the health benefits derived from the particular herbs or spices used and also known as liquid herbal extracts.

Essentially, tinctures are created when herbs are placed in alcohol and allowed to sit for several days, or even up to several months.  Vodka is the usual alcohol of choice in the preparation of tinctures, although brandy or rum may also be used.  If using alcohol is an issue, apple cider vinegar or glycerin might be substituted.  Alcohol functions as a preservative, so you may let the bottles of tincture sit out on a shelf, but if you use vinegar the resulting liquid must be refrigerated throughout the process.

The amount of herbs to alcohol varies according to individual recipes, but in general a good place to start is to combine one ounce of herbs with four ounces of vodka.  Be sure to use enough alcohol so that the herbs are completely submersed in the liquid.  Using the tincture to flavor drinks, you might select to use lemon peel, lavender or allspice for their distinctive tastes that they will bring to your drinks.

You will need to let the tincture sit in a dark place in a cabinet for a couple of weeks or longer so that the herbs are truly macerated by the alcohol.  The bottle should be briskly shaken at least once a day.  After it is quite strongly scented, you may strain the solids from the liquid, and add some sugar syrup to the alcohol-based tincture.  You may find that you will need to strain the liquid several times using a very fine mesh with cheesecloth or a coffee filter to remove every last bit of little fibers of the herbs.  It may then be stored in a glass jar with a tight fitting lid.  To use the tincture, you will use an eyedropper to place drops in tea, juice, water or drinks.

You may experiment with the type of natural herbs used in terms of dried or fresh.  If using fresh, be sure to chop them before you place them in the jar and cover with alcohol.  If you’re using dried herbs, it is best to use them in a cut and sifted form – smaller pieces will allow the liquid to penetrate quickly, but unlike powder it will still be easy for you to strain later.  An alcohol-based tincture can last up to two years if properly prepared and stored.

Why do people seek to alter their consciousness chemically through narcotics, alcohol and other substances?

There is no one generally accepted answer for this. Some studies indicate that the tendency is hard-wired into our brains; some call it an “imperfect spiritual longing.” Conservatives in society consider it a form of misbehavior that calls for punishment, while progressive citizens recognize some forms of addiction as disease that requires treatment.

The controversy rages on, but whether it is a behavioral choice or an inborn tendency, the desire to “get high” is not unique to humans. Just ask any cat.

Nepeta, or catnip, is one of the most common weeds in North America, and possibly one of the most useful. Its effect on felis domesticus is well documented, particularly among cat owners; house cats who smell the essential oils of catnip from its bruised leaves and stems engage in bizarre behaviors that can most accurately be compared to alcoholic intoxication in humans – and in fact, this effect is not confined to domestic cats. Wild jaguars of Central and South America have been observed to react the same way when sensing the presence of catnip¹.

All very well and good, you say, but how is this one of the bulk herbs that offers any added benefits to humans?

Catnip does not have the apparent narcotic effect on humans. However, catnip is one of the safest medicinal herbs commonly available; its phytochemicals are mild enough and present in sufficiently low concentration to administer as a tea to young children who are upset or suffering from the cold or flu.

Catnip also has a sedative effect on adults, and is believed to aid in digestion as well. Catnip is most commonly consumed as dried herbs in the form of a tea, brewed from catnip that has been cut and sifted. Catnip tea may be brewed with a reusable cloth tea bag or tea ball.

“Stalking the Jaguar.” The Natural World.(British Broadcasting Corporation, aired 1 Feb 06)